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Browsing Category
Environmental Sciences
Where Does Rainwater Go After It Hits a City?
When rain falls on a city, much of its journey is determined by roads, roofs, pavements, drains and the remaining areas of soil and vegetation. Impervious surfaces reduce infiltration and speed up runoff, while stormwater can collect…
Why Some Soils Hold Water and Others Do Not
Not all soils treat rainwater in the same way. Sand, silt and clay determine the basic texture of soil, while pore spaces, soil structure, organic matter and roots influence how quickly water enters and how much remains available to plants.…
The Sand Dunes That Protect Odisha’s Coast
Odisha’s sand dunes are more than piles of sand along the beach. Formed through the interaction of wind, sediment and vegetation, they act as natural physical barriers, provide habitat for specialised coastal species and, in some areas,…
When the Ground Heats Up: The Environmental Consequences We Cannot See
The ground beneath us is heating in ways that ordinary air-temperature measurements cannot fully capture. Land surface temperature reveals how vegetation loss, urbanisation, dry soils and changing land cover alter the exchange of heat and…
Geoengineering: A Climate Solution or a Dangerous Experiment?
Geoengineering proposes deliberately altering the Earth system to counter some effects of global warming, but the technologies involved are far from equivalent. Carbon dioxide removal seeks to reduce atmospheric CO₂, while solar radiation…
The Chemistry of Smog: What Happens Above a City?
Smog is not simply smoke hanging over a city. It is the result of a complex chain of atmospheric reactions in which gases released from vehicles, industries and other sources interact with sunlight and each other. Nitrogen oxides and…
Should Carbon Taxes Be Mandatory for High-Polluting Companies?
Carbon taxes place a financial cost on greenhouse-gas emissions and can encourage high-polluting companies to reduce fossil-fuel use, improve efficiency and invest in cleaner technologies. Evidence indicates that carbon pricing can…
Do Quantum Effects Matter Inside Living Cells?
Quantum biology examines how specific quantum phenomena contribute to biological processes. Electron tunnelling is an established part of molecular electron-transfer reactions, while quantum mechanical effects are fundamental to…
Can Quantum Sensors Detect Earth’s Magnetic Field More Precisely?
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> Quantum sensors use the properties of atoms, electrons and other quantum systems to measure magnetic fields with exceptional sensitivity. Technologies such as atomic magnetometers and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond…